getattr()函数是Python自省的核心函数,具体使用大体如下:
获取对象引用getattr
Getattr用于返回一个对象属性,或者方法- class A:
- def __init__(self):
- self.name = 'zhangjing'
- #self.age='24'
- def method(self):
- print"method print"
- Instance = A()
- print getattr(Instance , 'name, 'not find') #如果Instance 对象中有属性name则打印self.name的值,否则打印'not find'
- print getattr(Instance , 'age', 'not find') #如果Instance 对象中有属性age则打印self.age的值,否则打印'not find'
- print getattr(a, 'method', 'default')
- #如果有方法method,否则打印其地址,否则打印default
- print getattr(a, 'method', 'default')()
- #如果有方法method,运行函数并打印None否则打印default
-
- import statsout
- def output(data, format="text"):
- output_function = getattr(statsout, "output_%s" % format)
- return output_function(data)
setattr( | object, name, value) |
This is the counterpart of getattr(). The arguments
are an object, a string and an arbitrary value. The string may name an existingattribute or a new attribute. The function assigns the value to the attribute,provided the object allows it. For example,setattr(x,'foobar', 123)
is equivalent tox.foobar = 123
. 这是相对应的getattr()。参数是一个对象,一个字符串和一个任意值。字符串可能会列出一个现有的属性或一个新的属性。这个函数将值赋给属性的。该对象允许它提供。例如,setattr(x,“foobar”,123)相当于x.foobar = 123。
delattr( | object, name) |
This is a relative of setattr(). The arguments are
an object and a string. The string must be the name of one of the object’sattributes. The function deletes the named attribute, provided the object allowsit. For example,delattr(x, 'foobar')
isequivalent to del x.foobar
. 与setattr()相关的一组函数。参数是由一个对象(记住python中一切皆是对象)和一个字符串组成的。string参数必须是对象属性名之一。该函数删除该obj的一个由string指定的属性。delattr(x, 'foobar')=
del x.foobar
-
hasattr用于确定一个对象是否具有某个属性。
语法: hasattr(object, name) -> bool判断object中是否有name属性,返回一个布尔值。
>>> li=["zhangjing","zhangwei"]
>>> getattr(li,"pop")
<built-in method pop of list object at 0x011DF6C0>>>> li.pop<built-in method pop of list object at 0x011DF6C0>>>> li.pop()
'zhangwei'>>> getattr(li,"pop")()
'zhangjing'>>>getattr(li, "a